nmfs west coast region species list

The COI for the registration of individuals under the MMPA has been approved by the OMB under OMB Control Number 0648-0293 (0.15 hours per report for new registrants). (Henry et al., 2019). Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Bluefin Tuna (BFT - Federal Register In addition to the SARs, NMFS also reviews other sources of new information for the LOF, including injury determination reports, bycatch estimation reports, and observer data. documents in the last year, 86 Below are links to learn about a few of our West Coast species. Atlantic spotted dolphin, Northern Gulf of Mexico. On the West Coast, a unique collaboration has formed between fishermen and scientists to more effectively survey groundfish in response to major fisheries closures two decades ago. Am I required to submit reports when I kill or injure a marine mammal during the course of commercial fishing operations? A full list of projects is available on RCO's Web site. Dam Removal Puts California Salmon in Hot Pursuit of Cold Water. NMFS West Coast Region's 2018 Guidance on Assessing the Effects of Existing Structures in ESA Section 7 Consultations In 2018, the NMFS West Coast Region (WCR) issued internal guidance (2018 Guidance) on ESA Section 7 consultations for work on existing structures. Pantropical spotted dolphin, Northern GMX. NMFS addressed FWS' concern by deciding that when an ESU contained both steelhead and rainbow trout, NMFS would list only the steelhead population within that ESU as threatened or endangered. This provides directives for consistently assigning M/SI to stocks, including times when the M/SI is documented in an area of overlapping stocks. Magnuson-Stevens Act Provisions; Fisheries Off West Coast States Observed entanglements in the groundfish gear are rare but have been seen in the Limited Entry sablefish pot fishery and the Open Access Fixed Gear pot fishery. MLA alleges that based on these factors, the lobster fishery prosecuted close to shore in Maine is significantly different than lobster fisheries which occur in offshore Lobster Management Area 3 or off of New Jersey. The SARs are based on the best scientific information available at the time of preparation, including the level of mortality and serious injury of marine mammals that occurs incidental to commercial fishery operations and the PBR levels of marine mammal stocks. Dahle, M.E. documents in the last year, 822 A Rule by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on 01/14/2021. documents in the last year, 1411 Learn more about Protected Resources on the West Coast. For Atlantic fisheries, this information can be found in the LOF Fishery Fact Sheets. West Coast Region Committed to conserving and protecting our trust resources, the West Coast Region provides science-based conservation and management for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, marine mammals, sea turtles, and endangered species, and their habitats. Section 118 of the MMPA requires NMFS to place all U.S. commercial fisheries into one of three categories based on the level of incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals occurring in each fishery (16 U.S.C. The number of HSFCA permits listed in Table 3 for the high seas components of these fisheries operating in U.S. waters does not necessarily represent additional effort that is not accounted for in Tables 1 and 2. Therefore, Maine lobster trap/pot fisheries cannot be ruled out as the potential origin for entanglements with undetermined origins. See 70 Fed. NMFS adds the Cook Inlet stock of harbor seal to the list of species/stocks incidentally killed or injured in the Category III AK Gulf of Alaska halibut longline fishery. The PBR level for the SEAK harbor porpoise stock was estimated based on a survey that covered only a portion of the currently-recognized distribution of this stock, and it included commercial fishery M/SI that occurred far north of the surveyed areas. You can also see a list of, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, Report a Stranded or Injured Marine Animal, Climate, Ecosystems & Fisheries Initiative, West Coast Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Draft National Seafood Strategy Listening Sessions, Financial Assistance Workshop for Grant Applicants and RecipientsSeattle, Research Surveys in the Pacific Northwest, About the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI), California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (CCIEA), Socio-economics of Eastern Pacific and West Coast Fisheries, California Central Valley Chinook Salmon Life Cycle Modeling, Social-economics of California Salmonid Habitat and Water Resource, Southwest Fisheries Science Center Stock Assessment, Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Reports, SWFSC Data on the NOAA Big Data Program (BDP), SWFSC Metadata Library on Fisheries InPort, Ecosystem-based and Dynamic Ocean Management, Dynamic West Coast Sea Surface Temperature Interactive, Puget Sound Salmon and Steelhead Fisheries, Columbia River Basin Salmon and Steelhead Fisheries, West Coast Salmon and Steelhead Fisheries Management, Management Measures/Actions under Tuna Conventions Act, Management Measures/Actions under Magnuson-Stevens Act, NEPA Documents Available for Public Review, Our Work Under the Endangered Species Act, Threatened and Endangered Species on the West Coast, Our Work Under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, Report Dead, Injured, Stranded, or Entangled Marine Mammals, Share the Shore: Responsible Marine Mammal Viewing, Protected Resources App: Display Spatial Data for ESA-listed Species, Salmon and Steelhead: Status of ESA Listings and Critical Habitat Designations (July 2016), National Overview: Protecting Marine Life, Mitigation Banks, Conservation Banks, and In-Lieu Fee Programs, Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion, Habitat Blueprint - Russian River Habitat Focus Area, Restoration of Salmon and Steelhead Habitat. Our Vision California sea lion, U.S. Harbor seal, OR/WA coast. Our ESA program supports a national focus on species needing immediate action to prevent extinction and species with identified actions that can be immediately implemented. Fishing the Pacific lifts spirits, feeds families and supports the economies of California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. For complete information about, and access to, our official publications However, the SARs generally provide the most current and inclusive information on each stock's PBR level and level of interaction with commercial fishing operations; there may also be more recent reports that include bycatch estimates. MLA recommends NMFS reclassify the Maine state waters lobster fishery as Category III fishery since there are no documented serious injuries or mortalities with this fishery, and NMFS determined that regulating the waters exempt from the Atlantic Large Whale Take Reduction Plan (ALWTRP) would have no significant benefit to large whales. In 2014, one pantropical spotted dolphin from the Hawaii Island stock was observed hooked above the jaw and trailing 8-10 feet of fishing line (Bradford and Lyman, 2018). NMFS will continue to annually evaluate marine mammal interactions and risk posed by a variety of gear types and fisheries through the LOF process. Federal Register provide legal notice to the public and judicial notice AOLA understands that with limited observer coverage and data gaps there is a level of subjectivity into the LOF classification process; however, the process should be equal among fisheries. Where does NMFS obtain information on the level of observer coverage in a fishery on the LOF? Critical habitat has not been designated for all listed entities. Therefore, FLC recommends that the BSAI Pacific cod longline fishery be reclassified as a Category III fishery. NMFS published the final rule to implement harvest specifications and management measures for the 2023-2024 biennium for most species managed under the PCGFMP on December 16, 2022 (87 FR 77007). Jaclyn Taylor, Office of Protected Resources, 301-427-8402; Allison Rosner, Greater Atlantic Region, 978-281-9328; Jessica Powell, Southeast Region, 727-824-5312; Dan Lawson, West Coast Region, 206-526-4740; Suzie Teerlink, Alaska Region, 907-586-7240; Diana Kramer, Pacific Islands Region, 808-725-5167. 2021-00570 Filed 1-13-21; 8:45 am], updated on 4:15 PM on Friday, March 3, 2023, updated on 8:45 AM on Friday, March 3, 2023, 105 documents documents in the last year, 940 We collaborate extensively with the Pacific Fishery Management Council, Native American Indian tribes, and the four states within the region in our management of highly migratory species (e.g., tunas, sharks), coastal pelagic species (e.g., sardine and anchovy), groundfish, and salmon, as well as the habitats upon which they rely. The portfolio effect plays a critical role in population productivity and stability. Video and sensor data is reviewed after the trip to determine fishing locations and quantify discards. Federal Register :: Fisheries Off West Coast States; Highly Migratory The definitions for the fishery classification criteria can be found in the implementing regulations for section 118 of the MMPA (50 CFR 229.2). Mid-Atlantic gillnet fishery from 3,950 to 4,020 vessels/person; Northeast sink gillnet fishery from 3,163 to 4,072 vessels/persons; Chesapeake Bay inshore gillnet fishery from 248 to 265 vessels/persons; Northeast bottom trawl fishery from 2,238 to 968 vessels/persons; Southeastern U.S. Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery from 4,950 to 10,824 vessels/persons; Atlantic mixed species trap/pot fishery from 3,332 to 3,493 vessels/persons; Mid-Atlantic menhaden purse seine fishery from 19 to 17 vessels/persons; Virginia pound net fishery from 26 to 20 vessels/persons; Caribbean gillnet fishery from >991 to 127 vessels/persons; Caribbean mixed species trap/pot fishery from >501 to 154 vessels/persons; Caribbean spiny lobster trap/pot fishery from >197 to 40 vessels/persons; and. Therefore, some vessel or gear owners in Category III fisheries may receive authorization certificates even though they are not required for Category III fisheries. Over the past 5 years, there have been 4.15 M/SI entanglements documented annually where the origin of the entanglement is unknown (Hayes et al., 2020). In Tables 1 and 2, the estimated number of vessels or persons participating in fisheries operating within U.S. waters is expressed in terms of the number of active participants in the fishery, when possible. That final rule was effective January 1, 2023. Webster. For questions related to West Coast groundfish permits and licenses or the associated forms, please contact the NOAA Fisheries Permit Office at (206) 526-4353. Most species are coastwide stocks. As part of her 20+ year tenure with NOAA Fisheries, Korie has worked on several marine and estuary habitat conservation programs nationally and along our West Coast, including national habitat policy for the Office of Habitat Con, Stay informed of all the latest regional news around NOAA Fisheries, Associate Deputy Regional Administrator (ADRA), (Acting), Assistant Regional Administrator, (Acting) Assistant Regional Administrator, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, Report a Stranded or Injured Marine Animal, Climate, Ecosystems & Fisheries Initiative, whales, pinnipeds (seals and sea lions), sea turtles, fish, and mollusks, Report a Stranded or Entangled Marine Mammal. They represent the official positions of NMFS and the FWS only after they have been approved by the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries or the Regional Director. Document Drafting Handbook The OFR/GPO partnership is committed to presenting accurate and reliable Ivashchenko, A.S. Kennedy, J.M. All other documented lobster interactions were determined to result in non-serious injuries. ^, Bottlenose Dolphin Take Reduction Plan (BDTRP). In a joint statement the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's . Additional details regarding categorization of fisheries is provided in the preamble to the final rule implementing section 118 of the MMPA (60 FR 45086; August 30, 1995).Start Printed Page 3036. Federal Register :: Fisheries off West Coast States; Highly Migratory This catch data is used along with captain-reported logbooks in place of observer data to debit vessel accounts. The study did not estimate mortality or injury rates incidental to fisheries. establishing the XML-based Federal Register as an ACFR-sanctioned If you have questions related to these permits and licenses or the associated forms, please contact the West Coast Fisheries Permit Contact at (206) 526-4353. Recovery and conservation of ESA-listed fish species, like salmon, also support our sustainable fisheries goal by providing the long-term foundation for commercial, recreational, and tribal fisheries. NMFS clarifies the fishery description of the Category II Southeastern U.S. Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery. This definition can also be found in the implementing regulations for section 118 of the MMPA (50 CFR 229.2). Breiwick, M.F. Comment 6: HLA restates a previous comment recommending NMFS remove the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) insular and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) stocks of false killer whales from the list of species and/or stocks incidentally killed or injured in the Category I Hawaii deep-set longline fishery. Refer to NMFS No. Fadely, M.C. Bottlenose dolphin, Northern GMX oceanic. There are no current data on interactions with pantropical dolphins (or other dolphin species) in any other Pacific Ocean commercial troll fisheries. Tables 1, 2, and 3 also list the marine mammal species and/or stocks incidentally killed or injured (seriously or non-seriously) in each fishery based on SARs, injury determination reports, bycatch estimation reports, observer data, logbook data, stranding data, disentanglement network data, fishermen self-reports (i.e., MMAP reports), and anecdotal reports. Therefore, some vessels/participants may possess valid HSFCA permits without the ability to fish under the permit because it was issued for a gear type that is no longer authorized under the most current FMP. This is the approach NMFS took this approach in 2012 proposed LOF. On the West Coast and in the watersheds of Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho, we manage commercial and recreational fisheries for more than 100 species of salmon, groundfish, coastal pelagics such as anchovy and sardine, and highly migratory species such as billfish, sharks, and tunas. Comments were received from members of the public, Atlantic Offshore Lobstermen's Association (AOLA), Freezer Longline Coalition (FLC), Hawaii Longline Association (HLA), Maine Lobstermen's Association (MLA), Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (MA DMF), Marine Mammal Commission (Commission) and Whale Safe USA. Steelhead, or occasionally steelhead trout, is the common name of the anadromous form of the coastal rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus m. irideus) or Columbia River redband trout (O. m. gairdneri, also called redband steelhead). NMFS is proposing that the nearshore fishery be open every Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday beginning Monday May 8 until the nearshore allocation is taken, or on September 30, whichever is earlier. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration I National Marine Fisheries Service I West Coast Region Goal 2 - Safeguard Protected Species and Propel Their Recovery Advance Reintroduction Efforts for At-Risk Species Identify the steps and resources needed to restore the Kingfisher Flat Hatchery in Santa Cruz County, California which was 2020 certificates may be retained or replacements downloaded from https://go.usa.gov/xArUW. From floodplains to estuaries, nearshore habitats to kelp forests, urban waterways to rural streams, NOAA Fisheries is responsible for the stewardship of our nations living marine resources and their habitats. Bottlenose dolphin, Sarasota Bay, Little Sarasota Bay. Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking In 2020, through Amendment 28, over 10,000 square miles of sensitive ocean floor habitats where closed to bottom trawling. edition of the Federal Register. Bottlenose dolphin, Northern NC estuarine system. the official SGML-based PDF version on govinfo.gov, those relying on it for With this request, the commenter is also not taking into consideration the high percentage of unidentified entanglements that are both first sighted in the U.S. and in Canada. The commenter states that there are four additional trap/pot entanglement cases that resulted in right whale M/SI for which a fishery was not determined and, therefore, for which the Maine lobster fishery cannot be completely ruled out. Category II: Annual mortality and serious injury of a stock in a given fishery is greater than 1 percent and less than 50 percent of the PBR level (i.e., occasional incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals). Mapping and Analysis of West Coast Groundfish The Commission also notes that the case for reclassifying the troll fisheries as Category II fisheries has strengthened since serious injuries due to hooking or entanglement in fishing line have been documented, and reliable estimates of rates of troll vessels fishing in and through spotted dolphin groups have been published (Baird and Webster, 2020). The groundfish fishery management plan contains measures to conserve and protect groundfish essential fish habitat. These grants build up NOAA's continuing long . Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, National Marine Fisheries Service. The classifications and definitions of U.S. commercial fisheries for 2021 are identical to those provided in the LOF for 2020 with the changes discussed below. Bottlenose dolphin, Northern Migratory coastal. 1201 NE Lloyd Boulevard, Suite 1100 . From killer whales slicing through waves to salmon jumping rapids on their journey home, marine life fills and defines the waters of the West Coast. Habitat protection and restoration are critical components of species recovery and conservation. Response: NMFS agrees that the best available scientific information is important for assessing the risk fisheries pose to marine mammal stocks. As noted in the 2016 SAR (Muto et al., 2017), the 2012 killer whale M/SI in the BSAI Pacific cod longline fishery was assigned to both the resident and transient stocks of killer whale, given no genetic samples were collected and the overlap in the range of the two stocks in Alaska waters. The best available scientific information used in the SARs and reviewed for the 2021 LOF generally summarizes data from 2013-2017. . Many vessels/participants holding HSFCA permits also fish within U.S. waters and are included in the number of vessels and participants operating within those fisheries in Tables 1 and 2. MA DMF states that they are the only state lobster trap/trap fishery implementing the following actions either currently or in the future: (1) Lobster trap/pot fishery closure from February 1st to April 30th (currently in place for the Massachusetts Bay Restricted Area, proposed closure of all state waters beginning February 1, 2021); (2) dynamic extension of the lobster trap/pot fishery closure to ensure Start Printed Page 3038safe passage of right whales from our waters prior to fixed gear being set (currently in place for the Massachusetts Bay Restricted Area, proposed for all state waters beginning February 1, 2021); (3) ban use of vertical buoy lines greater than 3/8 inch diameter (proposed to begin February 1, 2021); (4) ban fishing single traps by the majority of its active fleet (proposed to begin January 1, 2022); (5) universal requirement of 1,700 pound breaking strength line or equivalent contrivance (proposed to begin February 1, 2021); (6) permitting and regulatory scheme designed to reduce participation and effort over time (currently in place); and (7) demonstrated substantial decline in the number of participants and the number of buoy lines deployed (currently in place). Additional species are currently under review or have been proposed for Endangered Species Act listing: 2 petitioned species awaiting a 90-day finding, 15 candidate species for ESA listing, 1 proposed species for ESA listing. With 85 percent of all observed right whales exhibiting entanglement scars, it is likely that entanglements are indeed occurring in areas where entanglements have not yet been observed and/or reported. Response: NMFS appreciates the actions the state of Massachusetts has taken, and continues to take, to help conserve and protect North Atlantic right whales. Species diversity is part of the natural legacy we leave for future generations. 1387(c)(1)). Identifying correlates of coral-reef fish biomass on Florida's Coral Comment 5: The Commission restates a previous comment and recommends NMFS reclassify both the Category II SE Alaska salmon drift gillnet and Yakutat salmon set gillnet fisheries as Category I fisheries. Of those, 0.2 were attributed to U.S. fisheries, 1.2 to Canadian fisheries, and the remaining 4.15 were undetermined. : WCRO-2021-03107 . The Arctic region extends from the Bering Strait to the Chukchi. NMFS re-classifies two fisheries in the LOF for 2021. Additionally, species identified by logbook entries, stranding data, or fishermen self-reports (i.e., MMAP reports) may not be verified. PDF Snake River Basin Steelhead 5-Year Review 2022 ^The list of marine mammal species and/or stocks killed or injured in this fishery is identical to the list of species and/or stocks killed or injured in high seas component of the fishery, minus species and/or stocks that have geographic ranges exclusively on the high seas. The West Coast Groundfish Observer Program produces an annual groundfish mortality and bycatch report. Last updated by NOAA Fisheries on 12/13/2022. Northeast mid-water trawl (including pair trawl). This table of contents is a navigational tool, processed from the NMFS announces that the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) has submitted Amendment 6 to the Fishery Management Plan for U.S. West Coast Fisheries for Highly Migratory Species (HMS FMP) for review by the Secretary of Commerce. Assessing the risk of whale entanglement with fishing gear debris Additionally, EPSB provides guidance to NOAA Fisheries staff and leadership to strategize actions for watersheds and resource management. Therefore, NMFS retains both the MHI insular and NWHI false killer whale stocks on the list of species and/or stocks incidentally killed or injured in the Category I Hawaii deep-set longline fishery. Bottlenose dolphin, Northern migratory coastal. Species in the Spotlight: Sacramento River Winter-Run Chinook - West Developing a commercial-vessel-based stock assessment survey Many vessels holding HSFCA permits also fish within U.S. waters and are included in the number of vessels and participants operating within those fisheries in Tables 1 and 2. In some instances, electronic monitoring may be used in place of human observers. NOAA Fisheries and the Pacific Fishery Management Counciloversee the management of West Coast groundfish in U.S. federal waters. These stocks are harvested in both non-tribal and tribal commercial fisheries and recreational fisheries. Below we provide further detail as to why the information presented by the MLA is insufficient for the requested changes. on NARA's archives.gov. to provide more detail on composition of effort within these fisheries. The Commission states that NMFS proposed to reclassify the Category III Hawaii charter vessel fishery, which is primarily a troll fishery, and the HI trolling, rod and reel fisheries as Category II fisheries in the 2012 LOF (76 FR 37716, June 28, 2011). Some of them vary in concentration from north to south, and some are common from the U.S./Canada border to the U.S./Mexico border. documents in the last year, by the Energy Department 02-204-01. We use science to improve peoples lives, save species, and protect ecosystems. West Coast From killer whales slicing through waves to salmon jumping rapids on their journey home, marine life fills and defines the waters of the West Coast. Box 22668, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99802, Attn: Suzie Teerlink; orStart Printed Page 3032. Bottlenose dolphin, Eastern GMX coastal. Seabird interactions with the groundfish fishery occur primarily with longline vessels and to a lesser extent with trawl vessels. Once these permits for unauthorized gear types expire, the permit-holder will be required to obtain a permit for an authorized gear type; and. Changes made to Mid-Atlantic and New England fishery participants will not affect observer coverage or bycatch estimates, as observer coverage and bycatch estimates are based on vessel trip reports and landings data. CA anchovy, mackerel, sardine purse seine, WA/OR herring, smelt, squid purse seine or lampara, WA/OR/CA albacore surface hook and line/troll, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands groundfish hand troll and dinglebar troll, AK Gulf of Alaska groundfish hand troll and dinglebar troll, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands tuna troll, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands Greenland turbot longline, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands Pacific cod longline, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands sablefish longline, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands halibut longline, AK state-managed waters longline/setline (including sablefish, rockfish, lingcod, and miscellaneous finfish), WA/OR/CA groundfish, bottomfish longline/set line. However, U.S. Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean, or Gulf of Mexico large pelagics longline vessels operating in special areas designated by the Pelagic Longline Take Reduction Plan implementing regulations (50 CFR 229.36(d)) will not be exempted from observer requirements, regardless of their size. Those cases where we could identify lobster gear from right whale entanglements during the past 10 years were determined to result in non-serious injuries. Green sturgeon are vulnerable to capture in the groundfish fishery by bottom trawl and mid-water trawl gear. How do I register, renew and receive my Marine Mammal Authorization Program authorization certificate? Comment 1: A commenter recommends that NMFS require Category III fisheries to accommodate observers aboard vessels in order to expand data collection on marine mammal bycatch in fisheries. Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico large pelagics longline. While most groundfish share this characteristic, a wide variety of life history traits can be found. . Our work covers a vast geography, including the inland and coastal waters of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California. Groundfish Stock Assessments and Fishery Evaluations, NMFS will make a decision regarding an Amendment to the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management, Several types of closed areas, including Rockfish Conservation Areas, or RCAs, and Block Area, Federal Register Notices Establishing the Trawl Catch Share Program Cost Recovery Program and, Stay informed of all the latest regional news around NOAA Fisheries, Sustainable Fisheries, Sustainable Seafood, Rebound in Groundfish Leads to New Flexibility for Fishermen, Protection for Deep-Sea Corals, Devastating Collapse of Groundfish Fishery Forces a More Sustainable Future, NOAA Fisheries Releases Draft National Seafood Strategy, Requests Public Input, NOAA Fisheries Strategic Plan for 20222025. We also coordinate closely within the Region to address protected resources, habitat, and aquaculture issues related to sustainable fisheries. Sharks and skates: The six species are leopard shark, soupfin shark, spiny dogfish, big skate, California skate, and longnose skate. West Coast Region . Harbor porpoise, inland WA, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands flatfish trawl, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands pollock trawl, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands rockfish trawl, AK Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands Pacific cod pot. Fritz, R.C. AOLA requests NMFS incorporate more timely data and recent information into the 2021 LOF. Because of this court ruling, NMFS conducted updated status reviews for ESA-listed West Coast steelhead ESUs that took into account those non-anadromous populations below dams and other major migration barriers that were considered to be part of the steelhead ESUs (Good et al., 2005). Individuals who use a telecommunications device for the hearing impaired may call the Federal Information Relay Service at 1-800-877-8339 between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday, excluding Federal holidays.