how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

The position of Douglass and constitutional radicals, by contrast, was that the Constitution was in the strict sense abolitionist. The main purpose of a counterclaim is to address the opposite side of the argument and provide a rebuttal. [23] See especially Douglass, The Doom of the Black Power, July 27, 1855, in Life and Writings, Vol. A counterclaim is the argument (or one of the arguments) opposing your thesis statement. Religion and intellectual inferiority were concepts that were used to manipulate the minds of everyone around into believing that practicing slavery was acceptable. The counterclaim is the opposite argument which the author addresses in order provide a rebuttal. In that speech, often considered the greatest of all abolitionist speeches, he excoriated Americas injustices no less vigorously than he ever had, but he took great care to distinguish Americas practice from its first principles and the actions of its subsequent generations from those of its Founders. It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but to no ladder upon which to get out (47). These paragraphs contain the author's sub-claims/reasoning, counterclaims, and evidence. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? This latter, of course, was the position of Lincoln and of the moderate center of the Free Soil and Republican parties during the 1850s. One skill builds upon another. Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. Following this lesson, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The reasons can also be thought of as the "why" behind a claim. position? If someone conceded a point, did he or she continue to argue against it? Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. ', Then it's time for the reasons you've prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she'll ask. Already a member? 7282. (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? Every beating, every death, every malicious act was all recorded for the people of the U.S. to finally see the error of our ways. . how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - ammcap.com Your reason is because yours doesn't have Internet access, and your evidence says that students with Internet access make better grades. Most enslaved people did not resist so openly, and fewer still ran away as Douglass did, but all, he makes clear, struggled to retain their humanity in the face of slavery's brutality. It was specifically on grounds of reparative justice that he urged support of one particular federal public-education proposal, a bill put forward by Senator Henry Blair of New Hampshire. These fears clearly retain their currency in our own day, as do Douglasss efforts to dispel their causes. In what turned out to be Douglasss most prescient argument, slaverys demise would come about in the following sequence of events. Frederick Douglass pure story telling in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass directly goes against any argument for slavery from Fitzhugh, by revealing the harshness of the institution of slavery and the individuals behind it. Her husband tells her that instructing her slave in literacy will spoil him as a slave, and she stops teaching young Frederick. Douglasss sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor does it mean that he had resorted to blaming the victim or placing exclusive responsibility on the freedpeople for their condition. 217, 219. At the same time Douglass is disgusted with education because it lets him know and fully understand the extent and horrors of slavery. This technique helps to make the argument more effective by strengthening the claim being made. Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. Because of Douglasss quest for freedom, his daring attitude, and determination to learn, he shows us the way through American Slavery in his eyes. 59 lessons. In this method, the author would address the counterclaims within each of the body paragraphs. Again in contrast to more radical critics in his day and our own, Douglass insisted that these persisting abuses by the class of former slaveholders constituted clear violations, not legitimate applications and not refutations, of the natural right of property. The question that has with stood the test of time is, are these encounters that have been written out, exaggerated or the whole truth and nothing but the truth? In the early 1800s Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, and grew up on Colonial Edward Lloyds plantation. How does douglass refute this counterclaim? - Brainly.com An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. [62] Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. I know of no country where the conditions for affecting great changes in the settled order of things, for the development of right ideas of liberty and humanity, are more favorable than here in these United States. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Copyright 2009-2023 Pennington Publishing. Plus, each essay includes a detailed analytical (not holistic) rubric for assessment-based learning. III, p. 420; Douglass, Womens Rights Are Not Inconsistent with Negro Rights, November 19, 1868, in Douglass Papers, Vol. What Are the Parts of an Argumentative Essay? - Study.com The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. In Ch. Sometimes, an author breaks their overall claim, or thesis, into smaller claims called sub-claims. II, p. 235; Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. So, there you have it - the four parts of an argument: claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. III, p. 274. [N]o one seems to have doubted the correctness of the prevailing opinion of the time.[4]. That's your mom's counterclaim. Frederick Douglass's speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" has many of the elements of a good argumentative structure. When you're planning an argument, you need to know what the counterclaim might be so that you can make sure that you disprove it with your reasons and evidence. III, p. 218 (emphasis added). As he renewed his labors for justice and progress for the freedpeople, Douglass had to confront a nettlesome question, lingering in the minds even of many anti-slavery whites, that had long obstructed the abolitionist cause. Douglass's central claim in his autobiography is that slavery is as harmful to whites as it is to slaves. Everybody has asked the question, he complained in early 1865, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the negro after emancipation? He analyzes the story of his wifes cousins death to provide a symbol of outrage due to the unfairness of the murderers freedom. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. A great deal is at stake in this critique, and it demands a clear, forthright response: These charges against the Founders are false as well as pernicious. Of the Blair bill, he insisted that the Negro needs it, the illiterate white needs it and the nation needs it.[56] Arguing in 1872 against racial segregation in public schools, Douglass described his purpose as patriotic as well as beneficent, on the premise that the public schools should function as a common platform of nationality.[57] Any measure that authorizes or deepens ones self-identification in predominantly racial terms is to be opposed, he maintained, insisting that race is a morally arbitrary quality. international legion of territorial defense of ukraine pay. work!!! A fair-minded observer could scarcely deny that for many Americans, race still does matter. Douglass provides. In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). I, ed. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. For a standard 5-paragraph essay, the introduction is one paragraph and contains the thesis statement, or overall claim for the essay. He point-by-point counters a Southern narrative that argued that slavery benefitted black people. Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. It will tell that people and all others that the nation has the disposition if not entire ability to do the Negro right and justice.[54]. Frederick Douglass devoted his singular 54-year career of public advocacy to the grand, mutually inseparable causes of the liberation and elevation of his fellow black Americans and the racial and moral integration of America. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? Which words helped you convey information precisely? Douglasss postwar arguments were consistent with this position. How does the struggle for freedom change with history? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The only solid, and final solution of the problem before us, Douglass insisted, was also the only just solution: the most perfect civil and political equality such that black Americans shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by any other members of the body politic.[37] In its primary meaning, Douglasss fair-play, non-exceptionalism principle entailed simple equality under law, irrespective of race or color, but in the decades following the war, he was most urgently concerned with equal protection for two rights in particular: voting rights and property rights. Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). If the claim is that the United States should ban capital punishment, an effective counterclaim would be that the United States should not ban capital punishment because capital punishment provides a sense of closure for the families of the victims of violent crimes. Rejectthe counterclaim. This proclamation changed everything, Douglass later recalled. They that can, may; I cannot. He writes: "Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities. IV, p. 436. how does douglass refute this counterclaim?kids baking championship where are they now marshall park lunenburg ma where is boca grande beach where is boca grande beach Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Despite that glimmer of dignity at his origin, the year of his birth and the identity of his own father remained unknown to him throughout his life. As for the kind of cradle-to-grave care slaves get, Douglass graphically describes the frequent and brutal beatings his master, Mr. Auld, dealt out, and then discusses his own treatment as a child slave on the plantation. keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" by Frederick Douglass - Quizlet IV, pp. He attempts to demonstrate this in the Narrative by describing some of the horrific experiences he witnessed. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. What does Frederick Douglass mean when he says "Bread of Knowledge"? For example, This view ignores the conclusive evidence that This position is mistaken because, 3. Douglass attempts to show us how African American slaves were still human beings like their white counterparts, there have been numerous instances where it is shown that many whites did not want to accept slaves as true humans. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From what to the slave is the 4th of July? In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. 350351. -douglas was trying to to reach to people who didn't agree with slavery, but never did anything to fight against it. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" Although Frederick Douglass believes that the only way to freedom for him and his fellow slaves, is through learning how to build on. When Hugh Auld, Sophias husband, promptly forbade further instruction for the reason that literacy would forever unfit the boy for slavery, young Frederick gained a revelatory insight into the evil design of slavery and the sure path to liberation. The 4 parts of an argumentative essay are the claim, counterclaim, reasoning, and evidence. They are struggling with the counterclaim (counterargument) and refutation (rebuttal) as these are new Standards for seventh graders. This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. (b) How early in the speech does he introduce this claim? Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. What other words in the speech connect to this concept? Douglass rejected the various white disintegrationists for obvious reasons, and he rejected the black variants too. His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. -I have learned that African Americans have always been bullied and degraded by others, and they didn't get their freedom in the US until the mid 19th century, A discussion of a controversial or debatable issue, A particular belief, conclusion, or point of view. Here, where universal suffrage is the ruleto rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us.[38], This was no merely abstract consideration. Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. [7] At the heart of all that he learned and taught were these simple propositions: A formidable thinker as well as an activist and a polemicist, Frederick Douglass produced the most powerful argument for the affirmation of those principles in the history of AfricanAmerican political thought. The first of those, described above, was the most flagrantly pro-slavery legislation in U.S. history. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. Douglass found solid reasons for believing what he repeatedly affirmed throughout the decade, as in his Dred Scott speech: I base my sense of the certain overthrow of slavery, in part, upon the nature of the American Government, the Constitution, the tendencies of the age, and the character of the American people. For example, this argument misses the key point that. First, Douglasss focus on education indicates that in his view, the public (federal or state) role in repairing the wrongs in question must be instrumental rather than providential. Explain, -no, he/she first denied it, then comes out telling the truth, Write a definition of obstruction based on your understanding of the prefix ob-. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. II, pp. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. No people can make desirable progress or have permanent welfare outside of their own independent and earnest efforts. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. This strategy displays the idea that slaves were seen as property and could be discarded easily. When Douglass remarked on Americas inexpiable debt to those who had been enslaved, he was not demanding an effort to restore, however imperfectly, the actual and potential material wealth that slavery had stolen from its victims. He had finally conquered his fear of water. For Douglass especially, the stakes of that contest were matters of concrete urgency as well as of larger national destiny. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. The louder she screamed, the harder he whippedI was quite a child, but I well remember it. If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. [12] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? July 5, 1852, in Douglass Papers, Vol. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Reasons for a claim can also be written as a "because" statement with the claim: the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. There are a number of key arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass". How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. It made of Americans one glorious and homogeneous people (as Douglass said of the Emancipation Proclamation)[30] and elevated America to its rightful place among nations as exemplar of the humanitarian spirit of the age. Such attention is properly directed toward, but also beyond, the icons of the recent era of reform. Here again, two points are especially salient. [61] Douglass, Why Is the Negro Lynched? in Life and Writings, Vol. [29] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument, April 14, 1876, in Life and Writings, Vol. He is set free, in an educational sense. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Because they can defend for theirselves, their thoughts, and beliefs, Give an example of a disparity that you have noticed between two groups To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - piyusharora.com How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - laque.com.my Even though we must face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, King told his audience, I still have a dream. For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that, 2. [27], Through long and deep reflection, Douglass finally came to regard Lincoln as the one manto whom we are more indebted for a United Nation and for American liberty than to any otherthe greatest statesman that ever presided over the destinies of this Republic.[28], Lincolns assassination was the crowning crime of slavery, as Douglass declared in his 1876 memorial, and it was also a damaging blow to hopes for a just and prudent policy for the nations postwar reconstruction. In this reassuring view, the era of momentous reforms that Kings speech and actions did much to elicit vindicates the character of America, displaying the nations renewed determination to make good on its original commitment to securing the equal natural rights of all its members. That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. He barely knew his mother, who died shortly before or after he turned eight years old. The prostrate form, the uncovered head, the cringing attitude, the bated breath, the suppliant, outstretched hand of beggary does not become an American freeman, and does not become us as a class, and we will not consent to be any longer represented in that position. Power, Protest, and Change Test (blonde davis, Intro To Business Chapter Three (Part Two), The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Douglass refutes Fitzhughs pro-slavery argument of the average slave living an ideal life, by disproving early ideas of the free labor system and paternalism through real life encounters of the physical oppression slaves faced on the day to day basis in the forms of inhumane treatment and violence, as well as the true harsh, The brutality that slaves endured form their masters and from the institution of slavery caused slaves to be denied their god given rights. The hook should be on-topic and supportive of the author's argument. IV, p. 68 (emphasis in original). Although the election meant that a new order of eventsis now fairly opening upon the country, he reserved judgment as to just how significant a change was in prospect. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? There are three parts of the structure of an argumentative essay: introduction, body, and conclusion. The conclusion of the essay is one paragraph and contains an overarching summary of the argument as well as any implications this argument may have moving forward. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. V, p. 625. Slavery was established by religious law. 'Because I said so,' doesn't work, and 'Just because,' doesn't work - until you're a parent. She has something to say against your claim that you need a new cell phone, and it goes something like, 'No, you don't.'. Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. His evidence for this claim is that when he first meets her in Baltimore, she is a very kind woman. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? The persistence of Douglasss hopeful, energetic activism during that very difficult decade deserves further comment. Additionally, the conclusion of an argumentative essay should look to the future. It contains a hook or way of gathering the audience's attention. A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood. 3 - Reasons. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. A claim of policy is an argument in support of, in opposition or, or for the alteration of an existing policy, law, or mandate. Most Africans that were either captured, born, or sold in America, lived the life of a typical slave, however Frederick Douglass was the exception. His embrace of the arguments of the rival political abolitionist school freed him to involve himself in politics, and his increasing political activism through the 1850s and into the Civil War years eventually brought him face to face with President Abraham Lincolnfirst in the role of harshly critical petitioner and later, after the Emancipation Proclamation and the deepening of their acquaintance, as Lincolns valued adviser and friend. Evidence is the facts or research to support your claim. Attorney Douglass does not refute any specific findings by the trial court, but simply claims in a conclusory manner that there was . What is the Function of a Claim in an Argument? For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that. Evidence - something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a . [20] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, in Life and Writings, Vol. When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. Douglasss great cause was integration, and his great theme was hopefulnessrationally grounded hopefulnessin Americas capacity to secure justice for all, irrespective of race, color, sex, or creed. At the same time, Douglass' exploration of Christianity, and its hypocrisy when used to justify slavery, and the idea that the promise of freedom cannot be realized when a group of people are enslaved, helps to bolster the claims that slavery is America's "original sin.". [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Accessed 4 Mar. Reasoning is the author's logic used to support and prove their claims. A rebuttal is when the author disproves an argument. As he gathered his energies to prepare yet another lecture on the imperative of equal justice for all, he suffered a sudden heart attack or stroke and died on February 20, 1895.