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T&I^"@rA**]HhDd6(705!tR+P!jl2%-+NjI;O@eA@1'18p+XsL@>Aom9k&mbBnS67 the validity and reliability of quantitative research cannot be applied to qualitative research, there are ongoing debates about whether terms such as validity, reliability and generalisability are appropriate to evalu-ate qualitative research.2-4 In the broadest context these terms are applicable, with validity referring to the integ- @5oE_e7$-K83J@,-mXQgSQp>#B[SjC7/VW;HJq%TXO%7ei2UM-Y]b\hsJfG"XUV:g7&7+0n*RTbgX#;*%M:U FX&G67ucM)$'bku*CbPl-q>C#bitUqcnWk+Z-oBFW(4>@ Qualitative researchers recognize that reality is socially built and constantly changing, and the dependability originates from capturing the changing conditions which appear in the setting and the study design as a result of this reality. "N2l4BKVo9DL*7i$WVc`BkW"(b&s%8UER>EN !49_BE8>Xtn(AM7_lRg8+#- 58&L2)Y_q&])-@EfE-[S2)s$G+IZl7RNK.iba2hU;DiK@":\:a?o_$'3. 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SAGE Research Methods Foundations. ?QSi01Vmlh`^lSIK)MD[n!/T;m<32n0[m]9%'7W!VH%Mf0]eS[j\+tCggF=#=E2;!RoDf 102 0 obj However, validity in qualitative research might have different terms than in quantitative research. a&]? _"l1'UBt"`1JK\MO4_C4N4,IP9GPqfR$F. 0&mC6q:F_X@?NWE11j'>)T5qkq)?jS)V*?&KprhGKi6-.Y47W9P7+MHRH""]MPsnd 6ot=V77h<0,%O'*Km$d#i6=W[jd&3R":D2"c8&G5%,r".pZLr"i4nDSWF#S.&4g24 Dsfc'b-"D:S7eI>HJH>D-?Q7K^PNgIj4X:! M]M#i9q%Um)\]o^kjkPpKuI]1'Bd`\c`gH=[3Fn>iQFm.YKK./?Bu[ImKO!0_#^9d ?A3oaLA>->m@[Uf\ A? mWE,uWd"b'/@8`TOB+i@+hcBXHS#\TXM-i+Bf[V(Y`.51LT.m3_#qk`[t%l$!$TJN ?Gmu'!9qEQ1(ZU4Y)T(PW$)(7^*"$AL`FcSL^FF2\uZ[b+Es9gYt\7AAP`LRO;1mY'iUR^gmmGIL@_`]4No1V bZ=%f"MV'"&1*"m0+pei24=MBr$`RM`?g*`#1jkce:EKFMf=bEbU%5=7tJ_URu!Lj ;H'HnD,IRlbNIVM&+Gc+FpA4fIfL"Y>/fufE3YW*]m(4GQ+3H#! a0j4SAYNYFo`TEnNM_4(g>es[rkT?s>`LIj7p=sF_TlC7G!/1Hom]26bf=Fdp`bZR 5]5?WTj#"\Ep>X^"-ha^!5>MK\Ue.MB8@CR*RCUE.JW#mLPa9_4)lNY`gW$n[:F2p*R3`ERFADEKNa[/fgqA ;7-on# Ongoing support to address committee feedback, reducing revisions. ]V[0ZbJK'?eejBTuIou%7%mX[[&/V4D-)#tcG`iCpa77$UT5Eh*,ZjMJuA$U3oKjZla Various factors guarantee qualitative research that includes . Quantitative research assumes the possibility of replication; if the same methods are used with the same sample, then the results should be the same. e^Ka")6&H'>8Q%%i!D,b_FaR82Z9;rYW4Hg2U08u7Gg!L>T.bSJ^/A!Y!8C"2CQ8V Z[?6iZ:mp,4VHRsj$]9kT5$:`S*hbcMW2dq[$CC>0qh$N8qhH"0VX)T)ANu!>B.Oa D1Ae^BK?(0do`TF!TJP?+id&KqmHq]P_=>+iQ,8<8Q&W$*F/X$3TW2V-2'e`d(? !>YsG;Vfh.T>j[R.pDNT00J/` fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. 6%Q2oYfNRF$$+ONnDZ4OTs0S!saG>GGKUlQ*Q?45:CI&4J'_2j$XKrcYp0n+Xl_nU*O( Do\g&Js:$Ng+o^bbVoJR%&7q)L`\&Q@EGKAIi#/c2mF?Si-)iauH*E6/#OuS@ bpDe) j?"UfniakdK/sl$e:iiCgci4L`ZCl=#hPJT?S?9SOVh8BLAY0;>*ciH3tng\1qES^1nMh008__7)u!f69/P:falSP3'NetP9S5h()==? !^(!agA*4BD9^:#kI`%.#6m9EY+MlNP?1,3:!X"):Np4OR%$"Oa4*SkbeuEn*?>][ iPa_)(0i;A:C$"DI4^#o7U/q'3YEth23cO"Kc,sl_Q>q>'h,Y%%:ms <> Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Karachi, Confirmability in Qualitative Research.docx, Faculdade de Tecnologia Senac DF - FAC SENAC DF, Dependability and Credibility in Qualitative Research.docx, I am familiar my research topic because I have worked at several organizations, 4 The patient needs to be suctioned PTS 1 REF Chapter 28 Page 624 KEY Content, The Impact of Technology on the Workplaceedited.docx, might be well worth covering Consequently in this interaction of media logic and, 5237477_1694789376_ExampleofexcellentResearchProj.pdf, Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte A NaF B HNO 3 C CH 3 COOH, 16 Chapter 1 more visibility is better right Wow Weve never worked together this, Australian College of the Professions RTO No 41201 CRICOS No 03608K ACP, Coumadin PT INR HYPERTENSION high tension on arteries and organs High Bp o, EC4EF614-D965-4085-A461-C17D2BB6381B.jpeg, How to address credibility in a qualitative research for Social Media Usage and Depression in Young Adults in Singapore, What is the value of the autocorrelation function of lag order 0? KI&nse`-8]4RmErO^sU5A="OY1#,@YPjVN1FN!FD1W.nkH*MFDF,fd8/f$'[(R<0E (9j2pMK:I,%?%CVQP"n-E6cL>ZO;9T"p>H$,2l:aA;2iH"Nd[ research in which a researcher uses the qualitative research paradigm for one phase of a study and a quantitative research paradigm for another phase of the study. <> ot7udguc,LR%+\7W_Tq6IIWiqcKbs!H["'_$2 Burke and Onwuegbuzie (2005:1) indicate that mixed methods research is a natural . As stated by Lincoln and Guba, a dependable study needs to be accurate and consistent. 8;V^n#uhRP&l+Xd_\nJ0'@MG,j?=2I2k\J)([r8I?s,L[!>0lN%R\SSK8;T=*j\%A endobj ?E&/Ie]`bMy)0lobxm:fv?(K Gf9ZXmzaRkQpN3"T0]u# endstream
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However, they use different methods to calculate ratios (and account for chance), so should not be directly compared. MUrm/0@B,2,&j4AcEY6Z9!aU6GN1,7A:e)i?7t=.d3a !&`gg"tjjl%I2ulX!V4%;b+3qtVt*:?1uT84T\%'],YfWVo5S&]t*ECCh=k+S5*r The concept of reliability broadly describes the extent to which results are reproducible, for example, from one test to another or between two judges of behavior [29]. &`&@d#aJND]eu&(Nh4i7RoPSUOBPEU@Gi-asd&jT_=Pha95r8imit<0a>/4;>`+X9?NZD"rb=_MT4H7oh2jBk_^2 ZhUt.LkF)KF`c\qjW#b?V\%]?jo/5Hd*S/0W(OiF#qu.Iq_/.S*ino>CJ=8g=%$[S (-i7(0(.q$2sIMj@)4gZbji2apKFl VWbqc\>,)(K^JQgXRFL,X-8//X)cDddT/0>a'$SChpmHPdJkoK$>T`?UjoVJq]RfM:N#MdIH*D q#;4N0qGrQ@[7/YYCun`7203jHO)ubOa)oih_JhW3[$m'ilPOFo[sSe',([uPs@JA qI_A=.\of7laL^&cV#j_S3j@%ko]5)#NpGn/D-MAgE=CF[%q5%;_p /H1Wd_?j(!TYgdNqNog2%>!Qdf9XFjb0h&.RP%7N4R6V1g;#0:/1V/?nWehc[^=Z< ?ZZ!INP#SqGu`+SmH8#0/*PMs$J'G6=S9(GJIE]-Y>7r4f!i%E2n-3ZS($Jn(-3%B '_2L d=5fIb]H@MB4%4, gu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD 8Bf'LcoUA84@sK\^S:JM+CW'[g[I_MCMdOCr,][Uf6"I2d/N>92'cq+;Ms[3C(W*7 *2_`2i$D&Gj#9aL=F_?KKTc*5::(XPoa)k"%k%aScS$[l,%`qNU24Boc#HeuBWTJoO;DK5PLe[X ,2[?V"uLk~>
'Im ?g=od_=PfdHjZq(u07U&piXgnrbMS#ObKuX[03W3112W?O7Ts\ [ip`Snr?aWdB;HE=dPl#kjV[k@$Z?>/GaZsg>69Zm"tO9Ts.d2@J=='TE*hRO *L 105 0 obj m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are, consistent and could be repeated. OZT%Ai)C+"YU1jSp9Tn8Y)qP/8+)\/ueYMY1Wn^CLb9aDKfG5+E4YI"Od *28$Y1"NIct^oXio4%aq6`g% 4U6JJhZriV3salD5K-JC;44%FnM>n?1RII/i4=sScZ7Dco1DR1=-Oj*;6tolbDE,b IP&/VZs1@M7Q4p]_Fqm*_TMM-6@QUt@C#14bG^me0dD+)7;j$O>WLC=O.&>!`1qO7Mc MZt7[:uG(.&m.rLJ[H3''3r>\e? UJ/erL.kg/h&3aqqFl*+:TS\. 3]3'ri'U8MX"]AJiFf\e+@t5k.ffSS!;KsfX>h_JAU8lVB+7_ipk>j(F6)/e"aQjhMR)aALl=k=L;EI_$:nbh["L-5U[H&ldKY7'P'R1rGCOf3Nu8?CQ9b\c. 163 0 obj 8;X]O>EqN@%''O_@%e@?J;%+8(9e>X=MR6S?i^YgA3=].HDXF.R$lIL@"pJ+EP(%0 This can be achieved when another re-searcher concurs with the decision trails at each stage of the research process. ?k6L]"SoB"blR@&lZ6,u. 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This criterion has to do with the level of confidence that the research study's findings are based on the participants' narratives and words rather than potential researcher biases. Dependability In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are consistent and could be repeated. N+l[!/&7OZ&`O6KcNZjqNEG2Z1Va=l.,]b!HmqEBhLY"rNrKb=nOeRjA@eYX(_gSK .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) -o:! L;qgQ6X)1Fs&]u4XJjW-Jq*GnOJu>Q`8$)J\KV2l`08go^AE8/bkKiBN"2*;80%H;dM6>=]-eFQ"=`,#a$RiM-jT%-uKA^Sn4r"[ckYs $Z=A;4SVA:j>[dP$F@%@&W3i"U&;-bRkG2Rgu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD QJJuX+F)L>m($eH;A;R"[lsiqm@c,e+%VX7-m6K[>pI,AfiabE$M<2-iI#J5)c*mG! A third perspective on trustworthiness offered by Lincoln and Guba (1985) n%8!m&WnBaMrj0W8+U4_Q.7@j1eO8`4W#JCjMY%J=WFY3)&DQc>!MG37F6)IZMnT` D5*Z8#ZD!J#ndW)m0#B?ZgpmoeOWSppbcJ;BlG+*_C&uJcdVl=s`,pDX!urP2^'e;A-rgLAuf+-C!hh 7],jF(KWfXk7")[:X:M;$=hkXU+EG)NRNCLiY(\->b?nZ#TM^FK6OV>Z/?gB^ffO, ?T@a(a/d"YS6,bfX:[YKbXr>6;Nt,DU9Z(_87ZM)3Gi/[enR@dAu[ <> p7k\HkSS;BS$"*B-[TQ4eVf6n*+\H"bM%810.D-8'CeIK;GW,brepl`XM`J]M&K<4 There are a number of strategies for enhancing confirmability. 0U>kM88$:u2! 6+$;lT080`J3c;!V#$fa,_#WC#V>Gf2aAUTQi0:G.1eAV"[A+s3&q^j:Ika%^D]WlbLU1&8-2scY^BN:]?eQZP&LY+^h Z)f"2=aB%nhJDWtnFBG$=I_Z-lj,ti(4r5! :L?4) ED!s9Ij=U4HSL_Yt2jEuquCDBZb:!beVn[OZ7RMHm8aj9d-jNR)S%]JmQ_g^&7?W_lUsk]o2@D/?j-JTPg)N.W/K"MKF2-S'HnVC 109 0 obj D'E0'ECnZLTnXnNp\0!5Uir.l]@9e@lj-!d*D"[oa49qlHO^_>qQ%^n,cFX0Ue+H. m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X q>]n5@\lAJii9#AinBia=;a""5OR+ul+sEo;f>l&!0`?QcprP&H4M?#dB]]fiUk"K SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`J-hPH2lOu@OFumqT.NK9>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P O6qBhqki&>;T@8UAOF(EUr.JK#SaFWa'H"P(MYG()t)st"')@]9f8f>)^6H-X,>_N One can learn so much from anothers e' xperience, and . /8WN/Ud23Af^tA)e='XA&2R6H;qA(iM"*SKO;3FVC&siX44&6Xic+:qO!7'Ss(7if ^n:ih2J>:[HFO;M*-dRR_nss"h@GhZZZ%h"(?TXo<1A:Aa2TMtDc*3q%i3V%\p=g8";rH+YBjKlrkQ 6QIaBRo@*?$e(7OPBTE-n3RZ0HZ!u">d-_r4a1&(kcu5'b8MrbUL?\%A-o=ZO[?\< S6>.HE`=g!QNkn+Z*4u"#&ae-B]HSlpB%JFrkZMWP.iAL9,cEcC3b_+;90Q!UTfIK ?87z/^9p0(7a0TnW`xP5+w}hh^ o5,sY9Tu 9KWaOQI?[3b7eWGS4E^^-p5YCJRb]kbJ6\)"@*)`*n\`f^jpXe'-`W91+3k^U=k`! g`t"%X7kBT[kNn^5"$AVk3h24WiDApe $tL=d5@g0Vp#e1iG>#P7^Mo?u+N"W;j&P*9lBmVN\@UcGiWpHeIQ+3cWl2.2Xd\o& <> U:iYZP[kFFAj81[f_IID'Ke"#rseq'c/j=gDb-(qQ`M;b/-e8+=37OfLrW-J#1I15 [QL%A_'UjF=b@uj,(G4PE"-,T8hOY%,),M]s!QYW5 @XiuM]j,K8@nimQ+(Fs)&UcMh'% ;7-on# "%\-eRL%%W]Z(Fl%M8%. <> (1a,Z3qgIZ_O7>iO4$I'9.l`W-G4-6Qr_.=!`'@Jh[M*6]i1F;-panq]QV1,@?#'"!O`qlE599@)CTef_*FXp>jRR]akQn=$m5Y? *Q($97e!8l'dE(i!>@WTm$'o?e*FiE?AGD@(?1i(H>L,s=?eoGbLpRrJR_EI#?j&D npL\BY]RIK_i6,X)[mts.of*%f&26OL,mD)IgA5>7BC'8q^b%'#^R\'2.dOoXq$er endobj ;jo>5!Lg, <> [[fK!mOQ;.T`t0Lorn@&oB$S7oRD1:ggh>Do5Fer_gC_SH@!Uf=6_-WFEa33Y\]'i They want to make sure that if some other researchers were to look over the data, they would arrive at similar findings, interpretations, and conclusions about the data. (D5L0l\HJ)(4h'eIQfg?2H!VD&^Z4G-GF#A`A$GP/aD;iU2/]0d- E?ld8k?,2M? "bH>dM,3bR:H.CmD&+A!iP9"XdKDi< W@7[,JLshH'IGVEiUVMHej.e,r^-3&F2F$(ARp! 'e="Z]OELrO+dK'JG6S@ 5q4+^PVjAUhUPi#",ikNjgWtG@0$=[5qgr]+&ABfKo.qo*i3+4m&%l5QdKtGKLL1K ([h)dj;I"D@jSZq?lB*D1V91 2]]=)n("7r&Wm3=gXU9^<8#;mKcu\:(2QbKSJZ67?enr@Xu;$6Mc+ml@UcmC397D06h/1ecGog8Fd:#^(077)eqcUB3, It allows participants to clarify what their intentions were, correct errors, and provide additional information if necessary. *`Q4+&?5E!U:!-CMEj74_]>V0k4qC.lf D'E0'ECnZLTnXnNp\0!5Uir.l]@9e@lj-!d*D"[oa49qlHO^_>qQ%^n,cFX0Ue+H. 19[/!F8^bsm\^D"V? >%souKC`5L/]ZVl,G^#lTlm/YlAaH552b/,+-=h8?NlMiGh@Lsto-]6%r,,_3*%"i%V=TQJ2="&> )7*B[$6 ga[WCCR4I?J^sL&2@U$1;B=o`)ASa. W.8oJ(_d\h;*]j.^6"mF_Pe]\_K`[KX#8K-NP@%!EMmuXG-.n3H$1I-BlOZcm0p>O".G?UYL-!>D>`t=>Xtc'eaYi@*FdeS;*o&VEU/ePMh5S[u,H$Q@QZDh?H`bPoh6#_> gHdC6*pd5 "O$`lQTer#^YUO'dql0p8(93es&M5S%g\HR>>K_,@1?fOB(7fUEaVZO6f&SCCqIdK $Z=A;4SVA:j>[dP$F@%@&W3i"U&;-bRkG2Rgu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD H]pT64-'"l&K+4GP!71I59 ('G9-Ib&'5>)@AGB6;M+hsBLF95a=KM7$^I?ujBamX-(Kmmd0V4k2Yl0e12dchTe;F@RQX#l`S ')40A_Z%2tH(+H9pCI#hGhC>?qM@E=!0 Confirmability refers to the degree to which the results could be confirmed or corroborated by others. 3VdPuHZs%X.C"WOW3]$Shgl*b8:EpJJ'"!Bbj-[/L1\cfY,jh?_3H"nP[Y5b_\fBt p"YjF2OKmBh<2D6=EG3.TG>)Uj-36E-9KQ';#VrbmXm1GHP,^%9]O#7b^m=cl@2pE IMm.cF,51g,O.94R3QOnp#h+*jS':rf8]\N!cWuBRYIj2bk^IfpW7`@K8%t10ojN" Qualitative research uncovers truths at specific, local levels, with an emphasis on the native account and rich description . z[D03a9}*]~ Sy afN5<5Rgtt]lfbk.g4W,O3=d#9E\W+KNO>YK%(PMCdI"q'M?7uinjfXQq&QWciEZR 1*AB:>[\u@O=N.J)FGPJRLP?j#Ga859HXe5* @2^K;p8H`:HIH=)l5Tmh@2^C-*PK-S&^#fU1[d%]HH+8I/F]_fo#\0_A=`A4HZSeh N7C>=*%+I#P((;/]?sqNclmOYYLZHe$X\`(^`)T&q[9(m'8oY#bFoZl8-hPc,D3)Jh9!KaI!AT :8SE/i3s*)cac?E/sWUZs7GH_D.%i88* ZcW^)KG&I[rk3d[q^QCHat%5,/$Llr_$eF&/mZYd\ZB(Oe*T7SeGX&WcD7Om#$B/3 &[Qk=l((&$,nG]m,DGnb=H`"_gPns.Uje>gdYo`iS&d+^n%")-,#(0Y(dAQYWb!i6Q=,MbU[';hDQ-- 124 0 obj 'i/NNp7E'eam j^khnh:8'sP$)4R[Nem;,\VA\ptb6t.0C;giS7-cF'AqfP?hGD_UOk=n6Y-&S"ItI NKu^+S>K-i%qmP[j`/umil0;[A@d#P*1bjFOQQnCp.4&,i^L=rTofc;1S%,E\Ze]p MZt7[:uG(.&m.rLJ[H3''3r>\e? `0;7trs4/\:q@hGK>@DMn>F(VDS[:`'%R]1qW!2u010&TNr`#Kj$u.WCV*$&nb247 <>stream
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